BACTERIAS & DISEASES –Quick review

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BACTERIAS & DISEASES –Quick review

1. Treponema

- gram negative spirochete -

Treponema pallidum- Causes:

syphilis

2. Borrelia

- gram negative spirochete -

Borrelia borgdogeri- Causes:

Lyme disease, arthropod borne

3. Leptospira

- gram negative spirochete -

Leptospira interogans- Causes:

leptospirosis

4. Vibrio

- gram negative curved bacilli -

Shape: curved rod (vibrio)

Vibrio cholera- Causes:

cholera, GI disease

5. Campylobacter

- gram negative curved bacilli -

Shape: curved rod ( s-shaped)

Campylobacter jejuni- Causes:

GI infections from contaminated meat or water, Giuliani-barre syndrome is a possible side effect

6. Helicobacter

- gram negative curved bacilli -

Shape: curved rod (helical shape)

Helicobacter pylori- Causes:

peptic ulcer

7. Rickettsia

- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -

Rickettsia rickettsia- Causes:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever , enters host through vectors

8. Chlamydia

- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -

Chlamyidia trachomitis- Causes:

trachoma (blindness), std

9. Chlamydophila

- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -

Chlamydophila pneumonia- Causes:

pneumonia

10. Pseudomonas (obligate aerobe)

- gram negative aerobic bacilli -

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Causes:

produces pyocyanin (green) pigment, infection in burn patients, nosocomial infections, lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients

11. Legionella

- gram negative aerobic bacilli -

Legionella pneumophila- Causes:

pneumonia (legionaries disease) ; intracellular pathogens

12. Bordetella

- gram negative aerobic bacilli -

Bordetella pertussis- Causes:

pertussis (whooping cough)

13. Burkholderia

- gram negative aerobic bacilli -

Burkholderia cepacia- Causes:

cystic fibrosis patients , likes moist surfaces (medical equipment)

14. Escherichia

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Escherichia Coli - Causes:

O157:H7 strain: Hemolytic uremic syndrome

15. Salmonella

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Salmonella typi- Causes: typhoid fever

Salmonella enterica- Causes: salmonellosis, food poisoning

16. Shigella

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Shigella dysenteriae- Causes:

shigellosis (dysentery)

17. Klebsiella

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Klebsiella pneumonia- Causes:

hemorrhagic pneumonia

18. Serratia

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Serratia marcescens- Causes:

opportunistic UTI, respiratory infections ; colonies produce a red/pink pigment at room temperature

19. Proteus

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Proteus vulgaris- Causes:

opportunistic UTI

20. Yersinia

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Yersinia pestis- Causes:

plague

21. Enterobacter

- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -

Causes: opportunistic UTI

22. Fusobacterium

- gram negative bacilli -

Causes: gingivitis

23. Neisseria

- gram negative diplococcus -

Causes: Nisseria gonorrheae / Nisseria meningitis

24. Haemophilus

- gram negative pleomorphic bacillus -

Haemophilus influenza- Causes:

meningitis, epiglottis, otitis, URI

25. Clostridium (obligate anaerobe)

- gram positive endospore forming bacilli -

Clostridium tetani causes: tetanus

Clostridium perfringens causes: food poisoning, gas gangrene

Clostridium botulinum causes: botulism

Clostridium difficile causes: pseudomembranous colitis

26. Bacillus

- gram positive endospore forming bacilli -

Bacillus anthracis causes: anthrax

Bacillus cereus causes: fried rice syndrome

27. Lactobacillus

- gram positive NON endospore forming bacilli -

Used in making yogurt, buttermilk and sauerkraut

also found in vaginal flora

28. Listeria

- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -

Listeria monocytogens- Causes:

fetal pathogen, newborn meningitis

can live at refrigerated temperatures and cause food poisoning

29. Propionibacterium

- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -

Propionibacterium acnes- Causes: acne

30. Gardnerella

- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -

Gardnerella vaginalis- Causes: vaginitis/ vaginosis

31. Streptococcus

- gram positive cocci -

Streptococcus pneumonia causes: alpha hemolysis , pneumonia and otitis media

Streptococcus pyogenes causes: beta hemolysis, pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis and erysipelas

Streptococcus mutans causes: cavities

32. Enterococcus (type of streptococcus)

- gram positive cocci -

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus VRE

34. Staphylococcus

- gram positive cocci -

Staphylococcus aureus causes: folliculitis, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo and toxic shock syndrome

Methicillin resistant Staph aureus MRSA

vancomycin resistant Staph aureus VRSA

Staphylococcus epidermis: normal flora on skin

34. Streptomyces

- gram positive filamentous -

Produce antibiotics

35. Actinomyces

- gram positive filamentous -

Causes: respiratory diseases, cavities

36. Corynebacterium

- gram positive pleomorphic -

Corynebacterium diphtheria causes: diphtheria

 contain inclusions of metachromatic granules

37. Mycoplasma

Pleomorphic (no cell wall)

Mycoplasma pneumonia causes: walking pneumonia

38. Mycobacterium

Bacillus

Acid fast

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes: tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae causes: leprosy

39. Nocardia

Bacillus

Acid fast

Causes: respiratory diseases

also used to break down pollutants in lakes and landfills

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